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A classifier trained to react to statistical pattern does not need to have seen a specific chatbot to flag its output. Here is why that matters for DeepSeek, what Turnitin itself publishes about Claude, Gemini and other models by name, and what it does not publish for any of them.
An academic integrity email naming AI use is frightening precisely because there is no single fact that disproves a percentage. Here is what to do, in order, in the first 48 hours: what to say, what never to admit, what evidence to request, and how to find out whether a score is even allowed to stand alone.
A reference to a source that does not exist is not a formatting problem. It is fabrication, and journals now check for it before a paper ever reaches print. Here is how a fake citation gets into a manuscript, what an editor does when a DOI will not resolve, the process the Committee on Publication Ethics sets out, and what actually happens to the paper afterward, from a quiet correction to a public retraction.
A citation and a permission slip answer different questions. One documents where a paragraph came from; the other says whether you were allowed to generate it in the first place. Here is what a marker actually concludes when a reference list names a tool the assignment brief forbids.
Are AI humanizers safe splits into two separate questions: what happens to the document you paste in, and whether using the tool at all puts your academic standing at risk. Here is what to check before you decide, for both.
APA applies sentence case to article and chapter titles but title case, italicized, to journal and periodical names, and mixing the two up is the single most common capitalization mistake in a reference list. Here is the rule, MLA's different version of it, and the same reference formatted both ways.