Page 15 of 32.
A reference to a source that does not exist is not a formatting problem. It is fabrication, and journals now check for it before a paper ever reaches print. Here is how a fake citation gets into a manuscript, what an editor does when a DOI will not resolve, the process the Committee on Publication Ethics sets out, and what actually happens to the paper afterward, from a quiet correction to a public retraction.
A citation and a permission slip answer different questions. One documents where a paragraph came from; the other says whether you were allowed to generate it in the first place. Here is what a marker actually concludes when a reference list names a tool the assignment brief forbids.
Are AI humanizers safe splits into two separate questions: what happens to the document you paste in, and whether using the tool at all puts your academic standing at risk. Here is what to check before you decide, for both.
APA applies sentence case to article and chapter titles but title case, italicized, to journal and periodical names, and mixing the two up is the single most common capitalization mistake in a reference list. Here is the rule, MLA's different version of it, and the same reference formatted both ways.
Most advice says cut every passive sentence from a methods section. In practice, most of a methods section is exactly where passive voice belongs. Here is the test that tells the two apart, the same procedure written both ways, and what APA's own guidance actually recommends.
Yes, Turnitin detects paraphrased text, and it was built to. Its similarity engine catches reworded passages that still overlap with published and previously submitted work, and its AI writing report carries a labelled category for AI-generated text revised with a paraphrasing tool or word spinner. Here is how each system catches it, and why swapping words for synonyms clears neither one.