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APA says spell it out. Chicago says it depends on the discipline. MLA says nothing is wrong with it at all. What three major style guides actually say about contractions, and why the real fix for stiff prose is not adding them back in.
Harvard is not one style with one rulebook. Cite Them Right is a specific, published implementation of the Harvard family, which is why two students both told to use Harvard can submit different-looking references and both be right.
Most students are taught that academic writing has to hide the author entirely. APA Style's own guidance says the opposite, calls the belief a myth by name, and draws a different line than the one most classrooms teach.
The same topic can genuinely become six different studies depending on how the question is phrased. This works through all six types, descriptive to evaluative, with a real worked example and the method each one commits you to.
Arabic academic writing has its own AI tells: calque openers, stacked hedges, and a flattened rhythm that Modern Standard Arabic does not normally use. Here is how those tells show up, how universities across the Arab world are responding, and what a humanizer needs to preserve when the source language is Arabic.
TextPulse runs as a single engine across more than 60 languages, but detector adoption, register norms, and citation habits differ from country to country. This hub explains why language-specific humanization matters and links to in-depth guides for 15 languages, from Indonesian to Hindi.